Diabetes Melitus Diagnosis

The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is made in any of the following three circumstances:

• Blood sugar (fasting) or above 126 mg / dl (= 7.0 mmol / L).
• Azr blood sugar (no need to be fasting) or above 200 mg / dl (= 11.1 mmol / L), with diabetic syndrome (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss).
• Blood sugar two hours after giving 75 grams of sugar by mouth (oral tolerance test glucose tolerance) or above 200 mg / dl (= 11.1 mmol / L).

Except in clear cases of blood sugar increases and clinically, these criteria should be confirmed by repeating the analysis another day. Prediabetes states diagnosed as follows:

• Impaired fasting glycemia or impaired fasting glucose: are individuals who do not meet criteria for diabetes but fasting blood sugar between 110 and 125 mg / dl (= 6.1 to 7.0 mmol / L)
• Impaired glucose tolerance: These are individuals who do not meet criteria for diabetes but have alterations in sugar overload curve (blood glucose levels two hours after an oral load of 75 g glucose between 141 and 199 mg / dl ( = 7.7 to 11.1 mmol / L).

The purpose of the diagnosis of prediabetes is to identify those at risk for diabetes complications, both arterial (macrovascular or cardiovascular disease) and microvascular (lesions in retina, kidney and nerves), and determine a treatment to prevent them.

The purpose of the diagnosis of prediabetes is to identify those at risk for diabetes complications, both arterial (macrovascular or cardiovascular disease) and microvascular (lesions in retina, kidney and nerves), and determine a treatment to prevent them.

Although the best criterion for diagnosing diabetes is the fasting blood glucose, during 2010 several medical societies have proposed using the value of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as an appropriate method for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. We know that blood HbA1c is you best method to track the individual with diabetes, sugar control with established treatment and therefore the risk of long-term complications. If we use HbA1c for diagnosis of diabetes, this is done when the HbA1c is greater than 6.5%, but should be repeated for confirmation on a new blood test. These recommendations should not be used for children or pregnant population.

After the diagnosis of diabetes, it is interesting after knowing the type of diabetes in the patient. Until recently we could consider that appeared type 1 diabetes in childhood and youth (usually before age 30) and the type 2 appeared in adults> 40 years. In recent years, type 2 diabetes is being seen also in adolescents, especially in obese adolescents. And some adult onset diabetes are Type 1 forms. What is characteristic is that type 1 is associated with type 2 thinness and obesity appears beside. The onset of illness is abrupt and clear clinical signs in the type 1 while it is slow and with few symptoms in type 2. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus may have other autoimmune disorders such as autoimmune thyroid disease, adrenal insufficiency, pernicious anemia and vitiligo. People with Type 2 diabetes mellitus often as disorders associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, or polycystic ovary syndrome.

In type 1 diabetes is quite frequently the presence of autoantibodies ICA, when they occur in blood serves as a marker of the autoimmune process of type 1 diabetes.