AIDS symptomps, causes and prevention
AIDS Definition :
AIDS is a disease called acquired immune deficiency – syndrome caused by the HIV virus is triggered.
Wherein the HIV virus is a RNA virus belonging to the group of retroviruses. It affects only certain cells that the immune system / immune system and the nervous system belong.
Epidemiology
The oldest reliable HIV infection comes from Zaire 1959th From 1980, the virus spread from central Africa to the Caribbean to the United States. From there came the disease to Europe and other regions. It affected mainly gay men and intravenous drug users. The transmission through heterosexual contact but growing steadily.
AIDS diagnosis
The diagnosis of AIDS is with the help of history (questioning) the patient about the risk of certain events (vacations in risk areas, intravenous drug abuse, blood transfusion, sexual contact), the symptoms and the detection of pathogens detected.
To prove to AIDS in the blood you must have the consent of the patient must be obtained. Usually there are several methods available:
-
Antibody detection
is only about 6 weeks after the initial infection of antibody detection is positive. - V Irish evidence
- Virus quantification (determination of viral load monitoring therapy)
HIV Virus
There are two types of HIV:
- HIV-1: This is the world’s most common type. There are three sub-groups.
- HIV 2: There are six sub-groups, which occur mainly in West Africa.
Usually infected with one of these groups, where also can occur double infections.
The HI – virus belongs to the group of retroviruses and contains RNA. It has the ability by means of an enzyme, its RNA (RNA), followed by the genetic information of the virus is stored in rewrite DNA (DNA). The virus has a direct detrimental effect on the immune system and nervous system. Although antibodies are formed in infected people, the virus can not be eliminated from the body.
Routes of AIDS infection
For infection with HIV, there are three main routes of infection:
-
Sexually
There is a risk, especially in unprotected sexual intercourse, especially in the areas at risk.Homosexual men are most commonly affected.
-
Parenterally
-
Here is one of intravenous drug abuse among the most dangerous
types of infection, especially when so-called “needle sharing” (needle exchange) is operated -
Infection via blood (products) (for example transfusion)
- Accidental injuries in the medical field (very rare)
-
-
AIDS transmission from mother to child,
an HIV – positive mother transmitting the virus in 15 – 20% of the time on her unborn child.Using a chemoprophylaxis the risk drops to below 3%.
Causes of AIDS
The disease AIDS is the HIV – induced virus (HIV). This virus primarily attacks the immune system cells that carry specific surface characteristics (CD4). So that is immune system damage (immune system) of the body by the T-helper cells are destroyed. The body of an AIDS-infected people has thus only have a very weak immune system, which makes people very vulnerable to various diseases.
Even brain cells are drawn by the virus affected.
Symptoms of AIDS
HIV infection can be divided into different stages. The CDC (Center of Disease Control) of the United States makes the following division:
|
|
A |
B |
C |
|
Regions of the T-helper cells (/ uL) |
Asymptomatic / acute HIV disease |
Symptomatic, but not A or C. |
AIDS |
|
> 500 |
A1 |
B1 |
C1 |
|
200-499 |
A2 |
B2 |
C2 |
|
<200 |
A3 |
B3 |
C3 |
(A, B and C refer to the categories.)
AIDS prevention
In general, so-called risk groups (for example, residents in Africa and homosexuals, as well as the heterosexual population) about the infection (“How do I put up?”) And prophylaxis (“What can I do?”) To be elucidated.
contribute to reducing the incidence of new infections are also making use of condoms and the curb prostitution .
To reduce the transmission of the virus through blood donation, all donors are screened for the virus out. Prior to a scheduled upcoming surgery, the autologous blood donation should be considered to eliminate the infection.When dealing with blood of another person should always wear gloves. This is especially true for medical staff.
To protect others should be treated the infected doctor or dentist draw attention to their infection.By the secrecy of the doctors, there is no cause for alarm. The person concerned should decide who he wants to share his illness.
If a pregnant woman is HIV – be positive, then the risk of infection of the newborn are reduced to below 1% by the pregnant woman after the 32nd Week of pregnancy begins with antiretroviral therapy.
Even the baby can even six weeks antiviral prophylaxis should be administered. The mother was also on the Pacific refrain, as the virus also on the breast milk transmits. A birth by cesarean section at 36 Week of pregnancy, the blow free uterus to reduce the risk of infection.
A vaccination is up to now not yet possible because of the many different mutants difficult (variants) of this virus immunization.
AIDS prognosis
For a poor prognosis of AIDS, the following parameters:
- high viral load at initial examination
- Decrease in the number of T helper cells
- Progression in the categorization (ex: from A1 to A3 or even B2)
However, there are cases that talk about a long time in one category. No symptoms, and many cells with specific surface features (CD4) after more than 10 years These include, but unfortunately only a maximum of 5% of those infected.
A cure for AIDS is still not possible . By HAART therapy but were significant returns of AIDS-defining illnesses are recorded.
Unfortunately, access to the successful HAART in the most affected countries in the developing world is not possible. These countries are too poor and the health system is not structured enough to offer this therapy.
Summary
HIV is an RNA virus, which the AIDS disease triggers. HIV-positive does not mean to be suffering from AIDS. AIDS is the name for the disease erupted.
The disease spread from Africa to the world and still does to this day. There are 2 different HIV. Polio is mainly on sexual way, through infected needles during drug use or through infected blood products.The HIV virus only infects cells on their surface specific characteristics (also CD4 cells called) wear. These cells are part of the immune system / immune system of the body and this is greatly weakened.
The disease is divided into several stages, with the first stage is called AIDS. People often get infections with pathogens that for healthy people with intact immune systems are usually harmless. The diagnosis is made by the detection of antibodies against the virus, or even by direct virus detection. For therapy to be called NRTI, NNRTI or PI (see AIDS therapy ) used.
Since the disease has no cure and still no vaccine exists, the prophylaxis is of particular importance. In addition to the elucidation of the risk groups about the routes of infection, play using condoms (“safe sex”), and the containment of prostitution a major role.
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